Steam Powering/ Transportation
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-Steam powering was not known before the Revolution, so most raw materials and goods were transported by domestic animals via wagons or by walking, so goods and materials didn't travel very far. Hence most factories and workshops were self-sufficient, so they don't have to bring materials from remote areas which will increase the costs
-In 1712, Englishman Thomas Newcomen (1664-1729) developed the first practical steam engine (which was used primarily to pump water out of mines.
-The transportation industry was also transformed during the Industrial Revolution. The first ever commercial steam boat was invented by American Robert Fulton (1765-1815). Later in the mid-19th century, freight was carried by steamboats across the Atlantic ocean.
-Steamboats was commonly used to carry heavier materials such as iron and coal
-In the early 1800s, British engineer Richard Trevithick (1771-1833) made the first railway steam locomotive.
-Scottish engineer John McAdam (1756-1836) developed a new way to construct roads making them smoother, more durable, and less muddy
-John Mcadam's method of constructing roads, Macadamization, raised roads higher than adjacent land and covered it with small stones layered on top of larger stones would be good for drainage.
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-Mcadam's also suggested to use only gravel and slag for building roads which made them more durable, smoother, and less muddier.